Evangelos J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Daniel Thomas-Rüddel, Aikaterini Pistiki, Anuradha Ramoji, Oleg Ryabchykov, Kazi Sultana Farhana Azam, Konstantinos Toutouzas, Athanasios Prekates, Stylianos Karatzas, Christos Mathas, Antigone Kotsaki, Stamatios Chalvatzis, Nikolaos Antonakos, Georgia Damoraki, Jan Rüger, Florian Knorr, Natalie Arend, Anja Silge, Iwan Schie, Jesper Eugen-Olsen, Thomas Bocklitz, Michael Bauer, Johannes Winning, Michael Kiehntopf, Jürgen Popp, Frank Bloos, and Ute Neugebauer

SHOCK, Vol. 65, No. 1, pp. 15–21, 2026
DOI: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000002699Download pdf 🡇

Funding

Funding was provided by the EU Framework Program 7 HemoSpec grant number 611682. E.J.G.-B. has received funding from the Horizon 2020 European Grants ImmunoSep and RISCinCOVID and the Horizon Health grant EPIC-CROWN-2, Homi-LUNG, and POINT (granted to the Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis or to the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens).

Keywords: Raman spectroscopy; biomarkers; sepsis; diagnostic algorithm; leukocytes; intensive care unit; emergency department

Related studies: INTELLIGENCE-1, INTELLIGENCE-2